Effect of Spacing and Boron Levels on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science,
Page 310-316
DOI:
10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i2231381
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted aiming to study the effect of Spacing and Boron levels on growth and yield of black gram during Zaid season 2022. The treatments comprised of row spacing (25, 30, 35 cm) and boron (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 kg/ha). The results showed that application of boron 2.0 kg/ha at 35 cm × 10 cm spacing has recorded significantly higher plant height (44.53 cm), number of branches per plant (9.27), number of nodules (35.53) and dry weight (10.44 g). However higher number of pods per plant (30.73), seeds per pod (6.40), test weight (42.48 g), seed yield (930.33 kg/ha) and stover yield (2040.33 kg/ha) were recorded with the application of boron 2.0 kg/ha at 25 cm ×10 cm spacing. Therefore, the spacing of 25 cm × 10 cm and application of Boron 2.0 kg/ha could be a promising option for the yield enhancement in black gram.
Keywords:
- Boron
- black gram
- growth
- spacing
- yield
How to Cite
Jasper, M. V. J., & Singh, S. (2022). Effect of Spacing and Boron Levels on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.). International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 34(22), 310-316. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i2231381
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Verma CK, Yadav DD, Singh V. Effect on yield and quality of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) varieties by foliar spray of urea and seed rates. Plant Arch. 2011;11(1):289-91.
Aslam M, Hussain N, Zubair M, Hussain SB, Baloch MS. Integration of organic and in organic sources of phosphorus for increased productivity of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Pak J Agric Sci. 2010;47(2):111-4.
Tomar GS, Taunk SK, Chaudhary JL. Black gram. In: Science of Crop production -part I (Kharif crops). Kushal Publications and Distributers. Varanasi: Maidagin. 2011 :221 001 (U.P).
Siddique M, Malik MFA, Awan SI. Genetic divergence, association and performance evaluation of different genotypes of mungbean (Vigna radiata). Int J Agric Biol. 2006;8:793-5.
Malik MF, Ashraf A, Qureshi S, Ghafoor A. Assessment of genetic variability, correlation and path analyses for yield and its components in soybean. Pak J Bot. 2007;39:405-13.
Vahedi B, Gholipouri A, Sedghi M. Effect of planting pattern on radiation use efficiency, yield and yield components of sunflower; 2010.
Veeramani P. Effect of plant spacing on the growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo). Jour Krish Vigy. 2019;8(1):101-4.
Khan MA, Jahiruddin M, Bodruzzaman M. Response of wheat to boron in relation to different varieties and sowing dates. Bangladesh J Agric Sci. 1996;23(2):27-32.
Khan K, Prakash V. Effect of rhizobial inoculation on growth, yield, nutrient, and economics of summer urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) in relation to zinc and molybdenum. Int J Adv Res Chem Chem Eng. 2014;1(1):1-10.
Loomis WD, Durst RW. Chemistry and biology of boron. Bio Factors. 1992; 3(4):229-39. PMID 1605832.
Choudhary P, Singh G, Reddy GL, Lal Jat BL. Effect of Bio -fertilizer on Different Varieties of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2017;6(2):302-16.
Singh AK, Khan MA, Srivastava A. Effect of boron and molybdenum application on seed yield of mungbean. Asian J Biol Sci. 2014;9(2):169-72.
Dwivedi BS, Ram M, Singh BP, Das M, Prasad RN 1990. Differential response of crops to boron fertilization in acid alfisols. Indian Journal of Agri-cultural Sciences 60:122-127.
Niaz A, Ahmad W, Zia MH, Malhi SS. Relationship of soil extractable and fertilizer boron to some soil properties, crop yields, and total boron incotton and wheat plants on selected soils of Punjab, Pakistan. J Plant Nutr. 2013;36(3):343-56.
Goldberg S, Glaubig RA. Boron adsorption on California soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1986;50(5):1173-6.
Alloway BJ. Micronutrients and crop production: an introduction. In: Micronutrient deficiencies in global crop production;. Springer, Dordrecht. 2008: 1-39.
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Sharmila S, Pandian PS, Indirani R, Subramanian E. Influence of boron on growth attributes, yield of black gram and available boron status in Typic chromustert. Int J Chem Stud. 2020;8(6): 2291-4.
Singh H, Elamathi S, Anandhi P. Effect of row spacing and dates of sowing on growth and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris) under northern eastern region of U.P. Legume Res. 2009;32(4):307-8.
Zahoor RSM, Basra A, Munir H, Ndeem MA, Yousaf S. Role of boron in improving assimilates portioning and yield in sunflower. J Agric Soc Sci. 2011;7:49-55.
Gitte AN, Patil SR, Tike TK. Influence of zinc and boron on biochemical and yield characteristics of sunflower; 2005. Ind J. Plant academia journal of agricultural research. Saeed;10:400-3.
Amruta N, Maruthi JB, Sarika G, Deepika C. Effect of integrated nutrient management and spacing on growth and yield parameters of black gram CV.LBG 625 (Rashmi). An Int Qual J Life Sci. 2015;10(1):193-8.
Jiotode DJ, Sonune DG, Mohod AR, Parlawar ND, Khawale VS. Studies on effect of weather parameters on Kharif green gram (Vigna radiate L.) varieties under different sowing date. Association of Soils and Crops Research Scientists. 27(2):185-91.
Janaki AM, Parmar KB, Vekaria LC. Effect of boron and molybdenum on yield and yield attributes of summer green gram (Vigna radiata L.) under medium black calcareous soils. Int J Chem Stud. 2018;6(1):321-3.
Prasad SK, Singh MK, Singh J. Response of rhizobium inoculation and phosphorus levels on mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under guava-based agri-horti system. Vol. 9. Bioscan. 2014:557-60.
Khan MMS, Singh VP, Kumar A. Studies on effect of plant densities on growth and yield of Kharif mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Wilczek. Bull Environ Pharmacol Life Sci. 2017;6(1):291-5.
Kumar J, Kumar S, Prajapati B, Verma AK, Kumar A. Yield and yield attributes of plant geometry of Gram (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions in Uttar Pradesh. Res Environ Life Sci. 2016;9(9):1087-9.
Shekhawat K, Shivay YS. Effect of nitrogen source, sulphur and boron levels on productivity, nutrient uptake and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Indian J Agron. 2008;53:129-34.
Anand DD, Sumarjit Singh M, Jamkhogin Lhungdim N, Devi S, Gopimohan S. Effect of mulching on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) Merrill. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2020;9(9): 3313-8.
Yu Q, Hlavacka A, Matoh T, Volkmann D, Menzel D, Goldbach HE et al. Short-term boron deprivation inhibits endocytosis of cell wall pectins in meristematic cells of maize and wheat root apices. Plant Physiol. 2002;130(1):415-21.
Khan MA, Naznin F, Hossain MA, Islam MA, Rahman AKMH. Effect of Boron on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Accumulation in black gram. A scientific journal of Krishi foundation the agriculturists. 2020;18(2): 34-43.
Sathyamoorthi K, et al. Physiological paramters and yield of greengram (Vigna radiata L.) Wilczek as influenced by increased plant density and fertilizer levels. Indian J Crop Sci. 2008;3(1): 115-22.
Bhatt KR. Effect of Plant Spacing on Yield and Yield Contributing Traits of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) During Autumn Season at Gokuleshwor, Baitadi, Nepal. Acta Sci Agric. 2020;4(3):01-4.
Kokani JM, Shah KA, Tandel BM, Bhimani GJ. Effect of FYM, phosphorus, and sulphur on yield of summer black gram and postharvest nutrient status of soil. The BioScan an. Int Q J Life Sci. 2010; 10(1):379-83.
Gowda CL, Samineni S, Gaur PM, Saxena KB. Enhancing the productivity and production of pulses in India. 2013:145-59.
Ali A, Malik MA, Nadeem MA, Tahir M, Sohail R. Production potential of mashbean genotype in response to phosphorus application. Int J Agric Biol. 2002;4:355-6.
Verma CK, Yadav DD, Singh V. Effect on yield and quality of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) varieties by foliar spray of urea and seed rates. Plant Arch. 2011;11(1):289-91.
Aslam M, Hussain N, Zubair M, Hussain SB, Baloch MS. Integration of organic and in organic sources of phosphorus for increased productivity of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Pak J Agric Sci. 2010;47(2):111-4.
Tomar GS, Taunk SK, Chaudhary JL. Black gram. In: Science of Crop production -part I (Kharif crops). Kushal Publications and Distributers. Varanasi: Maidagin. 2011 :221 001 (U.P).
Siddique M, Malik MFA, Awan SI. Genetic divergence, association and performance evaluation of different genotypes of mungbean (Vigna radiata). Int J Agric Biol. 2006;8:793-5.
Malik MF, Ashraf A, Qureshi S, Ghafoor A. Assessment of genetic variability, correlation and path analyses for yield and its components in soybean. Pak J Bot. 2007;39:405-13.
Vahedi B, Gholipouri A, Sedghi M. Effect of planting pattern on radiation use efficiency, yield and yield components of sunflower; 2010.
Veeramani P. Effect of plant spacing on the growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo). Jour Krish Vigy. 2019;8(1):101-4.
Khan MA, Jahiruddin M, Bodruzzaman M. Response of wheat to boron in relation to different varieties and sowing dates. Bangladesh J Agric Sci. 1996;23(2):27-32.
Khan K, Prakash V. Effect of rhizobial inoculation on growth, yield, nutrient, and economics of summer urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) in relation to zinc and molybdenum. Int J Adv Res Chem Chem Eng. 2014;1(1):1-10.
Loomis WD, Durst RW. Chemistry and biology of boron. Bio Factors. 1992; 3(4):229-39. PMID 1605832.
Choudhary P, Singh G, Reddy GL, Lal Jat BL. Effect of Bio -fertilizer on Different Varieties of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2017;6(2):302-16.
Singh AK, Khan MA, Srivastava A. Effect of boron and molybdenum application on seed yield of mungbean. Asian J Biol Sci. 2014;9(2):169-72.
Dwivedi BS, Ram M, Singh BP, Das M, Prasad RN 1990. Differential response of crops to boron fertilization in acid alfisols. Indian Journal of Agri-cultural Sciences 60:122-127.
Niaz A, Ahmad W, Zia MH, Malhi SS. Relationship of soil extractable and fertilizer boron to some soil properties, crop yields, and total boron incotton and wheat plants on selected soils of Punjab, Pakistan. J Plant Nutr. 2013;36(3):343-56.
Goldberg S, Glaubig RA. Boron adsorption on California soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1986;50(5):1173-6.
Alloway BJ. Micronutrients and crop production: an introduction. In: Micronutrient deficiencies in global crop production;. Springer, Dordrecht. 2008: 1-39.
Havlin LJ, Beaton DJ, Tisdale LS, Nelson LW.. Soil fertility and fertilizers. Prentice hall of Indian. 6th ed. 1999:220-228, 319-46.
Sharmila S, Pandian PS, Indirani R, Subramanian E. Influence of boron on growth attributes, yield of black gram and available boron status in Typic chromustert. Int J Chem Stud. 2020;8(6): 2291-4.
Singh H, Elamathi S, Anandhi P. Effect of row spacing and dates of sowing on growth and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris) under northern eastern region of U.P. Legume Res. 2009;32(4):307-8.
Zahoor RSM, Basra A, Munir H, Ndeem MA, Yousaf S. Role of boron in improving assimilates portioning and yield in sunflower. J Agric Soc Sci. 2011;7:49-55.
Gitte AN, Patil SR, Tike TK. Influence of zinc and boron on biochemical and yield characteristics of sunflower; 2005. Ind J. Plant academia journal of agricultural research. Saeed;10:400-3.
Amruta N, Maruthi JB, Sarika G, Deepika C. Effect of integrated nutrient management and spacing on growth and yield parameters of black gram CV.LBG 625 (Rashmi). An Int Qual J Life Sci. 2015;10(1):193-8.
Jiotode DJ, Sonune DG, Mohod AR, Parlawar ND, Khawale VS. Studies on effect of weather parameters on Kharif green gram (Vigna radiate L.) varieties under different sowing date. Association of Soils and Crops Research Scientists. 27(2):185-91.
Janaki AM, Parmar KB, Vekaria LC. Effect of boron and molybdenum on yield and yield attributes of summer green gram (Vigna radiata L.) under medium black calcareous soils. Int J Chem Stud. 2018;6(1):321-3.
Prasad SK, Singh MK, Singh J. Response of rhizobium inoculation and phosphorus levels on mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under guava-based agri-horti system. Vol. 9. Bioscan. 2014:557-60.
Khan MMS, Singh VP, Kumar A. Studies on effect of plant densities on growth and yield of Kharif mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Wilczek. Bull Environ Pharmacol Life Sci. 2017;6(1):291-5.
Kumar J, Kumar S, Prajapati B, Verma AK, Kumar A. Yield and yield attributes of plant geometry of Gram (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions in Uttar Pradesh. Res Environ Life Sci. 2016;9(9):1087-9.
Shekhawat K, Shivay YS. Effect of nitrogen source, sulphur and boron levels on productivity, nutrient uptake and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Indian J Agron. 2008;53:129-34.
Anand DD, Sumarjit Singh M, Jamkhogin Lhungdim N, Devi S, Gopimohan S. Effect of mulching on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) Merrill. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2020;9(9): 3313-8.
Yu Q, Hlavacka A, Matoh T, Volkmann D, Menzel D, Goldbach HE et al. Short-term boron deprivation inhibits endocytosis of cell wall pectins in meristematic cells of maize and wheat root apices. Plant Physiol. 2002;130(1):415-21.
Khan MA, Naznin F, Hossain MA, Islam MA, Rahman AKMH. Effect of Boron on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Accumulation in black gram. A scientific journal of Krishi foundation the agriculturists. 2020;18(2): 34-43.
Sathyamoorthi K, et al. Physiological paramters and yield of greengram (Vigna radiata L.) Wilczek as influenced by increased plant density and fertilizer levels. Indian J Crop Sci. 2008;3(1): 115-22.
Bhatt KR. Effect of Plant Spacing on Yield and Yield Contributing Traits of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) During Autumn Season at Gokuleshwor, Baitadi, Nepal. Acta Sci Agric. 2020;4(3):01-4.
Kokani JM, Shah KA, Tandel BM, Bhimani GJ. Effect of FYM, phosphorus, and sulphur on yield of summer black gram and postharvest nutrient status of soil. The BioScan an. Int Q J Life Sci. 2010; 10(1):379-83.
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