Nanotherapeutic Drug Synthesized by Way of a Microbial Pathway Targeting Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common human pathogens causing various infectious diseases. Further, its ability to form biofilm and the emergence of antibiotic resistance strains has made it difficult to treat the infection. A nanoparticle-based therapeutic approach is an emerging area to treat S. aureus infection. Among the different methods to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs), the use of microorganisms to fabricate metal nanoparticles with the antibacterial property against S. aureus has been investigated by several studies. The microbial approach is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and devoid of toxic byproducts produced in other methods of nanoparticles formation. The review details the use of bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, and lichens for producing nanoparticles of various metals, such as silver, gold, zinc, copper, iron, cerium, etc., of varying sizes and shapes and their effective use against S. aureus. The present review focuses on the reports of microbial-fabricated nanoparticles as therapeutic agents for treating S. aureus infection.